A significant amount of secondary sources, directories, and databases were used in this market research study in order to locate and gather data relevant to this technical, financial, and market-oriented analysis of the worldwide biomarkers market. In order to gather and validate crucial qualitative and quantitative data and evaluate market growth prospects, in-depth interviews were carried out with a variety of primary respondents, including important industry participants, subject-matter experts (SMEs), C-level executives of significant market players, and industry consultants, among other experts. To get the ultimate market size, the worldwide biomarkers market’s size—which was approximated using a variety of secondary research techniques—was triangulated with data from primary research.
Publications from the World Bank, GLOBOCAN, World Health Organisation (WHO), Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency, National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), The European Association for Cancer Research (EACR), Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF), and National Institutes of Health (NIH) are among the secondary sources consulted for this research study.
Additional secondary sources include business periodicals and research journals, news releases, trade, business, and professional associations, as well as corporate and regulatory filings (such as annual reports, SEC filings, investor presentations, and financial statements). The total size of the global biomarkers market was estimated using secondary data collection and analysis, and this estimate was confirmed by primary research.
Biomarkers Market based on Product:
- Consumables
- Services
- Software
Biomarkers Market based on Type:
- Safety Biomarkers
- Efficacy Biomarkers
- Predictive Biomarkers
- Surrogate Biomarkers
- Pharmacodynamics Biomarkers
- Prognostic Biomarkers
- Validation Biomarkers
Biomarkers Market based on Application:
- Diagnostics
- Drug Discovery & Development
- Personalized Medicine
- Disease Risk Assessment
- Other Applications
Biomarkers Market based on Disease Indication:
- Cancer
- Infectious Diseases
- Immune Disorders
- Neurological Disorders
- Cardiovascular Disorders
- Other Disease Indications
Biomarkers Market based on Geography:
- North America
- Europe
- Germany
- UK
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- Rest of Europe (RoE)
- Asia Pacific (APAC)
- China
- Japan
- India
- Australia
- South Korea
- Rest of Asia Pacific (RoAPAC)
- Latin America (LATAM)
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Rest of South America
- Middle East and Africa (MEA)
- UAE
- Turkey
- Saudi Arabia
- South Africa
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
The identification, development, and validation of biomarkers necessitate significant financial outlays. This hinders the expansion of the worldwide market as well as allied industries like companion diagnostics and in vitro diagnostics, as well as customised pharmaceuticals. Prospective biomarkers are being found significantly more frequently than they can currently be validated. This represents a significant obstacle for the market for customised medications. Additionally, diagnostics manufacturers face significant financial difficulties as a result of the high medication attrition rate in clinical trials (almost 30% of compounds failing in phase III). Manufacturers must complete successful phase III clinical trials, which are reliant on highly validated biomarker tests, in order to receive approval from authorities for an IVD.
Biomarkers are used in many epidemiology research to examine various phases of human disease. To minimise future research expenditures by employing banked samples and extract a great deal of information from a small number of samples, it is necessary to handle and store precious biological samples with great care. Thus, one of the most important problems facing service providers is sample collecting, which is followed by sample access.
In a similar vein, these samples also need to undergo strict quality control, and proper storage is necessary to prevent loss. For the purposes of risk detection, screening, diagnosis, and monitoring, various samples are needed. The integrity of the specimens and the methods used for collection, processing, and storage are key factors in determining the validity of findings from biomarker research utilising archived specimens. Specimen banks must be designed with patient rights, privacy, and confidentiality in mind, along with the maintenance of samples likely to produce reliable results and comprehensive informed permission that covers the possible use of samples. For correct sample handling and management, retrieval software, specimen storage, and meticulous tracking are also crucial.
The biomarkers market is divided into consumables, services, and software segments based on product. The global market share that the consumables segment held in 2022 was the highest. The growing use of kit-based products for biomarker testing and the frequent acquisition of consumables are the main causes of this segment’s size.
The biomarkers market is divided into three categories based on type: validation, safety, and efficacy biomarkers. The safety biomarkers category held the biggest market share worldwide in 2022. This segment’s big proportion can be attributed to factors such as increased knowledge of the importance of routine health checkups, a decreased drug attrition rate, and a rise in the number of individuals with chronic illnesses.
The biomarkers market can be divided into categories based on the illness indication, such as infectious diseases, cancer, neurological disorders, immunological disorders, cardiovascular disorders, and other diseases. The cancer segment held the biggest market share worldwide in 2022. The segment’s rapid growth can be attributed to early management and early cancer biomarker detection. Future research on cancer biomarkers is anticipated to be supported by a robust pipeline of cancer-related goods from leading businesses.
The biomarkers market is divided into segments based on application, including disease risk assessment, personalised medicine, drug research & development, and diagnostics. The market’s highest application segment share in 2022 belonged to the diagnostics category. This market’s expansion can be attributed to a number of factors, including the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the growing need for targeted diagnosis and treatment. The global market’s diagnostics segment is expanding due in part to the expanding uses of biomarkers.
The market for biomarkers was dominated by North America. The region has grown as a result of a number of factors, including an increase in the number of people living with chronic illnesses, the use of biomarkers in personalised medicine, the adoption of various organic and inorganic growth strategies by major players with well-established pharmaceutical companies in the area, and the expansion of biomarker applications and advancements.
Some well-known companies from around the world, including Abbott Laboratories, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (US), F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (Switzerland), PerkinElmer, Inc. (US), Merck KGaA (Germany), Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (US), Enzo Biochem, Inc. (US), Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. (US), and Eurofins Scientific (Luxembourg), dominate the biomarkers market.
- This report illustrates the most vital attributes of the Biomarkers Market, which are driving and providing opportunities.
- This research gives an in-depth analysis of the Biomarkers Market growth on the basis of several segments in the market.
- This report presents the predictions of the past and present trends of the Biomarkers Market.
- This study also presents the competitive analysis, such as key strategies and capabilities of major players of the Biomarkers Market.
List of Tables
TABLE 1. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 2. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR CONSUMABLES, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 3. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR SERVICES, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 4. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR SOFTWARE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 5. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 6. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR SAFETY BIOMARKERS, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 7. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR EFFICACY BIOMARKERS, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 8. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 9. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR SURROGATE BIOMARKERS, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 10. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR PHARMACODYNAMICS BIOMARKERS, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 11. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR VALIDATION BIOMARKERS, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 12. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 13. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR DIAGNOSTICS, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 14. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 15. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 16. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR DISEASE RISK ASSESSMENT, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 17. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR OTHERS, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 18. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 19. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR CANCER, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 20. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 21. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR IMMUNE DISORDERS, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 22. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 23. BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 24. NORTH AMERICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY COUNTRY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 25. NORTH AMERICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 26. NORTH AMERICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 27. NORTH AMERICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 28. U.S BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 29. U.S BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 30. U.S BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 31. U.S BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 32. CANADA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 33. CANADA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 34. CANADA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 35. CANADA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 36. MEXICO BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 37. MEXICO BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 38. MEXICO BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 39. MEXICO BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 40. EUROPE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY COUNTRY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 41. EUROPE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 42. EUROPE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 43. EUROPE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, END USE INDUSTRIES, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 44. EUROPE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 45. GERMANY BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 46. GERMANY BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 47. GERMANY BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 48. GERMANY BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 49. U.K BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 50. U.K BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 51. U.K BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 52. U.K BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 53. FRANCE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 54. FRANCE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 55. FRANCE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 56. FRANCE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 57. ITALY BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 58. ITALY BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 59. ITALY BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 60. ITALY BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 61. SPAIN BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 62. SPAIN BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 63. SPAIN BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 64. SPAIN BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 65. ROE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 66. ROE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 67. ROE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 68. ROE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 69. ASIA PACIFIC BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY COUNTRY, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 70. ASIA PACIFIC BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 71. ASIA PACIFIC BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 72. ASIA PACIFIC BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 73. ASIA PACIFIC BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 74. CHINA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 75. CHINA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 76. CHINA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 77. CHINA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 78. INDIA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 79. INDIA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 80. INDIA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 81. INDIA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 82. JAPAN BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 83. JAPAN BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 84. JAPAN BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 85. JAPAN BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 86. REST OF APAC BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 87. REST OF APAC BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 88. REST OF APAC BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 89. REST OF APAC BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 90. LATIN AMERICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 91. LATIN AMERICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 92. LATIN AMERICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 93. LATIN AMERICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 94. BRAZIL BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 95. BRAZIL BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 96. BRAZIL BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 97. BRAZIL BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 98. ARGENTINA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 99. ARGENTINA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 100. ARGENTINA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 101. ARGENTINA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 102. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 103. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 104. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 105. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 106. SAUDI ARABIA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 107. SAUDI ARABIA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 108. SAUDI ARABIA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 109. SAUDI ARABIA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 110. UAE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 111. UAE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 112. UAE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 113. UAE BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 114. REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY PRODUCT, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 115. REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 116. REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 117. REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA BIOMARKERS MARKET VALUE, BY DISEASE INDICATION, 2021-2030 (USD BILLION)
TABLE 118. GE HEALTHCARE: FINANCIALS
TABLE 119. GE HEALTHCARE: PRODUCTS & SERVICES
TABLE 120. GE HEALTHCARE: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 121. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES: FINANCIALS
TABLE 122. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES: PRODUCTS & SERVICES
TABLE 123. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 124. EISAI CO. LTD.: FINANCIALS
TABLE 125. EISAI CO. LTD.: PRODUCTS & SERVICES
TABLE 126. EISAI CO. LTD.: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 127. ABBOTT LABORATORIES, INC.: FINANCIALS
TABLE 128. ABBOTT LABORATORIES, INC.: PRODUCTS & SERVICES
TABLE 129. ABBOTT LABORATORIES, INC.: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 130. THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.: FINANCIALS
TABLE 131. THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.: PRODUCTS & SERVICES
TABLE 132. THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 133. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES INC.: FINANCIALS
TABLE 134. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES INC.: PRODUCTS & SERVICES
TABLE 135. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES INC.: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 136. ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS LIMITED: FINANCIALS
TABLE 137. ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS LIMITED: PRODUCTS & SERVICES
TABLE 138. ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS LIMITED: DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 139. AUSHON BIOSYSTEM: FINANCIALS
TABLE 140. AUSHON BIOSYSTEM: PRODUCTS & SERVICES
TABLE 141. AUSHON BIOSYSTEM: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 142. EPISTEM LTD.: FINANCIALS
TABLE 143. EPISTEM LTD.: PRODUCTS & SERVICES
TABLE 144. EPISTEM LTD.: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 145. SIEMENS AG: FINANCIALS
TABLE 146. SIEMENS AG: PRODUCTS & SERVICES
TABLE 147. SIEMENS AG: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
